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A stock market or equity market is a public entity (a loose network of economic transactions, not a
physical facility or discrete entity) for the trading of company stock (shares) and derivatives at
an agreed price; these aresecurities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded
privately.
The size of the world stock market was estimated at about $36.6 trillion at the start of October
2008. Thetotal world derivatives market has been estimated at about $791 trillion face or nominal
value, 11 times the size of the entire world economy.[3] The value of the derivatives market, because
it is stated in terms of notional values, cannot be directly compared to a stock or a fixed income
security, which traditionally refers to an actual value. Moreover, the vast majority of
derivatives 'cancel' each other out (i.e., a derivative 'bet' on an event occurring is offset
by a comparable derivative 'bet' on the event not occurring). Many such relatively illiquid
securities are valued as marked to model, rather than an actual market price.
The stocks are listed and traded on stock exchanges which are entities of a corporation or mutual
organizationspecialized in the business of bringing buyers and sellers of the organizations to a
listing of stocks and securities together. The largest stock market in the United States, by market
capitalization, is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). In Canada, the largest stock market is the
Toronto Stock Exchange. Major European examples of stock exchanges include the Amsterdam Stock
Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Paris Bourse, and the Deutsche Börse (Frankfurt Stock Exchange).
In Africa, examples include Nigerian Stock Exchange, JSE Limited, etc. Asian examples include the
Singapore Exchange, the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock
Exchange, and the Bombay Stock Exchange. In Latin America, there are such exchanges as the BM&F
Bovespa and the BMV.
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